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Wolves, elk, willows, and trophic cascades in the upper Gallatin Range of Southwestern Montana, USA
William J. Ripple and Robert L. Beschta • Forest Ecology and Management 200 (2004) 161–181 • Ripple and Beschta summarize the status of wolves, elk, and woody browse conditions during the 20th century for the upper Gallatin elk winter range in southwestern Montana, USA. Their research suggests that wolf recovery may represent a management option for helping to restore riparian plant communities and conserve biodiversity.
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